Which anthropologist tested hypotheses about gender roles in various cultures?

Margaret Mead is a prominent figure in the field of anthropology known for her extensive research on gender roles and cultural variations. Her work often involved comparing the experiences of different cultures, particularly focusing on how gender roles are defined and perceived.

In her most famous studies, such as those conducted in Samoa, Mead examined the socialization of youth and the ways cultural factors shape gender identity and behavior. She argued that many aspects of gender roles are culturally constructed rather than biologically determined, which was a significant contribution to the understanding of gender in anthropology. Her influential findings helped spark discussions and debates on the nature of gender roles, demonstrating that they can vary widely across cultures, thus emphasizing the importance of cultural context. This critical analysis and testing of hypotheses about gender roles across various societies make her the correct choice in this context.

In contrast, other figures listed, while significant in their own right, focused on different aspects of anthropology or related fields. For example, Jane Goodall is primarily known for her groundbreaking work in primatology rather than specifically on gender roles in human cultures. Ruth Benedict also contributed to the study of culture but was more focused on patterns of culture and personality than directly on gender roles. Carol Gilligan is known for her work in feminist theory