What term describes a farming method that relies on manual labor with hand tools?

The term that describes a farming method relying on manual labor with hand tools is horticulture. This practice typically involves small-scale cultivation of crops using simple tools and techniques, making it accessible and sustainable for communities that prioritize subsistence farming. Horticulture often occurs in garden plots and focuses on growing fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants rather than large-scale agricultural production.

In contrast, intensive agriculture involves more organized and often mechanized methods that maximize crop yields and typically require greater inputs of land, labor, and resources. Industrial farming refers to large-scale farming operations that rely on advanced technology, machinery, and often monoculture practices, which further distinguishes it from the manual, hands-on approach of horticulture. Modern foraging does not relate to farming methods; instead, it refers to the practice of gathering wild food resources. Therefore, horticulture is the most suitable term to describe the farming method relying on manual labor with hand tools.