What does cultural pessimism often critique?

Cultural pessimism often critiques cultural trends perceived as negative for society. This perspective arises from a belief that certain contemporary cultural changes, practices, or movements may lead to a decline in social values, cohesion, or the overall quality of life. Cultural pessimists may focus on issues such as consumerism, technology's impact on society, the loss of community, or the commodification of culture. They argue that these trends can erode traditional values and social structures, leading to a sense of decline or disillusionment regarding cultural progress.

In contrast, the other options reflect themes or values that cultural pessimism does not typically critique. The celebration of cultural diversity is generally seen as a positive aspect within cultural discussions, while traditions and efforts to preserve indigenous knowledge are valued as essential components of cultural heritage. Thus, option B is correctly aligned with the critical nature of cultural pessimism.