What describes the economic system characterized by large-scale industries and urban factory employment?

The correct choice is Industrialism, which refers to an economic system that is primarily based on large-scale manufacturing and the organization of labor in industrial settings. This system emerged during the Industrial Revolution and is marked by the shift from agrarian economies to those focused on industrial production, where factories and mechanization play a crucial role in generating goods.

In an industrial economy, urbanization typically accompanies these changes, as people migrate to cities for employment in factories. This urban factory employment leads to a concentration of labor, capital, and social organization centered around the production of goods.

In contrast, foraging, pastoralism, and horticulture represent more traditional, subsistence-based economies that rely on direct use of natural resources for survival rather than extensive industrial production. Foraging involves hunting and gathering, pastoralism focuses on the herding of animals, and horticulture pertains to small-scale farming. These systems lack the complexity and scale of industrial infrastructures and urban frameworks that characterize industrialism.